|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Shanghai Pudong International Airport (IATA: PVG, ICAO: ZSPD) (SSE: 600009) (Chinese: 上海浦东国际机场) is the primary international airport serving Shanghai, China, and a major aviation hub in Asia. The other major airport in Shanghai, Hongqiao, mainly serves domestic flights. Located about 30 kilometres (19 mi) east of the city centre, Pudong Airport occupies a 40 square kilometres (15 sq mi) site adjacent to the coastline on the eastern edge of Pudong New Area of Shanghai.
The airport is the main hub for China Eastern Airlines and Shanghai Airlines, and a major international hub for Air China. It is also an Asian-Pacific cargo hub for UPS Airlines.[5] Pudong Airport is organised around two main passenger terminals, flanked on both sides by three parallel runways. Current airport masterplans call for the building of a third passenger terminal, a satellite terminal and two additional runways by 2015, raising its capacity from the current 60 million passengers annually to 80 million, along with the ability to handle six million tonnes of air freight.[6] A station for the Shanghai Maglev Train is sited between the passenger terminals, providing the world's first commercial high-speed maglev service to downtown Pudong in 7 minutes and 20 seconds. The airport is open 24 hours, one of only a few Chinese airports to be so.
Shanghai Pudong International Airport is a fast-growing hub for both passenger and cargo traffic. With 3,227,914 metric tonnes handled in 2010, the airport is the world's third busiest airport by cargo traffic. Pudong Airport also served a total of 40,578,621 passengers in 2010, making it the third busiest airport in mainland China and the 20th busiest in the world. Both passenger and cargo traffic grew by more than 27% in 2010. As China's busiest international airport,[7] about half of Pudong's passenger traffic is international.[8]
Contents |
Prior to the establishment of Pudong International Airport, Hongqiao International Airport was the primary airport of Shanghai. During the 1990s, the expansion of Hongqiao Airport to meet growing demand became impossible as the surrounding urban area was developing significantly, and an alternative to assume all international flights had to be sought. A suitable site was selected on the coast of the Pudong development zone to the east of Shanghai.
Construction of the first phase of the new Shanghai Pudong International Airport began in October 1997, took two years to build at a cost of RMB 12 billion (1.67 billion USD), and was opened on October 1, 1999. It covers an area of 40 square kilometres (15 sq mi) and is 30 kilometres (19 mi) from downtown Shanghai. The first phase of the airport has one 4E category runway (4000 m x 60 m) along with two parallel taxiways, an 800,000-square-metre (8,600,000 sq ft) apron, seventy-six aircraft positions and a 50,000 m2 (540,000 sq ft) cargo warehouse.
A second runway was opened on March 17, 2005, and construction of phase two (including a second terminal, a third runway and a cargo terminal) began in December 2005 and started operation on March 26, 2008, in time for the Beijing 2008 Summer Olympics. A fourth runway and a third terminal are in the planning stage. The master plan calls for a total of three terminals, two satellite halls, and five parallel runways, with an ultimate capacity of 100 million passengers per year.
Limited international services resumed at Hongqiao Airport in October 2007 with flights to Tokyo International Airport (Haneda), in November 2007 with flights to Gimpo International Airport in Seoul, in June 2010 with flights to Taipei Songshan Airport and in September 2010 with flights to Hong Kong Airport. This is believed to be a major effort to provide convenience to business travelers, a practice already in place between Haneda and Gimpo for years. Hongqiao, Haneda, Gimpo, and Songshan are much closer to their respective metro centers than their newer but remote international gateways Pudong, Narita, Incheon, and Taoyuan.
In November 2011 Pudong Airport received approval from the national government for a new round of expansion which includes two runways. The 3,800-meter fourth runway, along with an auxiliary taxiway and traffic control facilities, is projected to cost 2.58 billion yuan (USD 403 million). The 3,400-meter fifth runway, along with a new traffic tower, will cost 4.65 billion yuan (USD 726.6 million). Construction is expected to be completed in 2015 and will double the capacity of the airport.[9][10]
The airport has 70 boarding bridges along with 218 parking positions. Three runways are in operation: one 4,000-metre (13,000 ft) runway—4E rating—with six taxiways, one 3,800-metre (12,500 ft) runway—4F rating—with four taxiways and one 3,400-metre (11,200 ft) runway—4F rating—with six taxiways.
Terminal 1 was opened on October 1, 1999 along with a 4000m runway and including a cargo hub. It was built to handle the demand for traffic and to relieve Shanghai Hongqiao International Airport's traffic. Terminal 1 is shaped like Kansai International Airport's terminal, but it is shorter and with 28 gates, 13 of which are double decker gates. The exterior of the terminal is shaped like waves. The capacity of Terminal 1 is 20 million passengers. It currently has 204 check-in counters, thirteen luggage conveying belts and covering an area of 280,000 square meters. Terminal 1 has received some controversy about the lack of shopping stalls, the pricing of the shops, confusing locations of restrooms, the escalators and passenger difficulty of moving through the terminal.
Terminal 2, opened on 26 March 2008, along with the third runway, gives a capacity of 60 million passengers and 4.2 million tonnes of cargo annually. Terminal 2 is shaped like the 1st terminal but it has more of a seagull shaping, rather than a wave shape and is slightly larger than Terminal 1. Terminal 2 will be used for Air China, Shanghai Airlines and other Star Alliance members but it is known that some SkyTeam and Oneworld members will relocate their operations to the terminal.Terminal 2, located behind Terminal 1, opened on March 26, 2008 (same day as the official opening of Terminal 3 at Beijing Capital International Airport), adding an additional capacity of 40 million passengers a year. Once phase two is fully complete, it will give Pudong a capacity of 60 million passengers and 4.2 million tonnes of cargo annually.[11] A transportation center will be added to connect passengers between Terminal 1 and 2 in the future.
Shanghai Airlines moved to Terminal 2 upon its opening on March 26, 2008 with 14 other airlines, including Air India, Northwest Airlines, Qatar Airways, Alitalia, British Airways, Qantas, Virgin Atlantic Airways, Philippine Airlines, Malaysia Airlines, Transaero Airlines, Cebu Pacific, Aerosvit Airlines, Garuda Indonesia and Royal Nepal Airlines. Fellow Star Alliance partners Air Canada, Air China, Air New Zealand, ANA, Asiana Airlines, Lufthansa, Singapore Airlines, Thai Airways and United Airlines have moved on April 29, 2008[12] along with other airlines, involving 33 airlines in all now operating at Terminal 2.[11]
| Airlines | Destinations | Terminal |
|---|---|---|
| Aeroflot | Moscow-Sheremetyevo | 2 |
| Aeroméxico | Mexico City, San José del Cabo [ends 7 January 2012], Tijuana [resumes 12 January 2012] | 2 |
| Air Canada | Toronto-Pearson, Vancouver | 2 |
| Air China | Beijing-Capital, Chengdu, Chongqing, Frankfurt, Fukuoka, Guilin, Guiyang, Jiuzhaigou, Melbourne, Milan-Malpensa, Nagoya-Centrair, Osaka-Kansai, Paris-Charles de Gaulle [resumes 10 March 2012][13], Qingdao, Sendai, Shenzhen, Sydney, Taipei-Taoyuan, Tokyo-Narita, Wenzhou, Xi'an, Yichang, Yinchuan | 2 |
| Air France | Paris-Charles de Gaulle | 1 |
| Air India | Delhi, Mumbai | 2 |
| Air Koryo | Seasonal: Pyongyang | 2 |
| Air Macau | Macau | 2 |
| Air Mauritius | Kuala Lumpur [ends 26 March 2012], Mauritius | 2 |
| Air New Zealand | Auckland | 2 |
| Airphil Express | Kalibo | 2 |
| All Nippon Airways | Osaka-Kansai, Tokyo-Narita Seasonal: Nagoya-Centrair |
2 |
| American Airlines | Chicago-O'Hare, Los Angeles | 2 |
| Asiana Airlines | Busan, Seoul-Incheon | 2 |
| British Airways | London-Heathrow | 2 |
| Cathay Pacific | Hong Kong | 2 |
| Cebu Pacific | Manila | 2 |
| China Airlines | Kaohsiung, Taipei-Taoyuan | 1 |
| China Eastern Airlines | Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi, Beihai, Beijing-Capital, Busan, Changchun, Chengdu, Chifeng, Chongqing, Daegu, Dalian, Delhi, Denpasar/Bali, Dubai, Frankfurt, Fukuoka, Fukushima, Fuzhou, Guangzhou, Guilin, Haikou, Hamburg, Hanoi, Harbin, Hiroshima, Ho Chi Minh City, Hong Kong, Honolulu, Huai'an, Jeju, Jiayuguan, Kagoshima, Komatsu, Kuala Lumpur, Kunming, Lhasa, London-Heathrow, Los Angeles, Matsuyama, Melbourne, Moscow-Sheremetyevo, Nagasaki, Nagoya-Centrair, Naha, Nanchang, Nanjing, New York-JFK, Niigata, Ningbo, Okayama, Osaka-Kansai, Paris-Charles de Gaulle, Qingdao, Rome-Fiumicino, Saipan, Sanya, Sapporo-Chitose, Seoul-Incheon, Shenyang, Shenzhen, Siem Reap, Singapore, Sydney, Taipei-Taoyuan, Tokyo-Narita, Vancouver, Wenzhou, Wuhan, Xi'an, Xining, Yan'an, Yancheng, Yichang, Yinchuan, Yulin, Zhangjiajie, Zhengzhou, Zhoushan, Zhuhai | 1 |
| China Southern Airlines | Beijing-Capital, Changbaishan, Changchun, Changsha, Dalian, Dandong, Daqing, Guangzhou, Haikou, Harbin, Jiamusi, Kunming, Mudanjiang, Nagoya-Centrair, Nanning, Qiqihar, Sanya, Seoul-Incheon, Shantou, Shenyang, Shenzhen, Taipei-Taoyuan, Wuhan, Xi'an, Zhangjiajie, Zhengzhou, Zhuhai | 2 |
| Chongqing Airlines | Chongqing | 2 |
| Delta Air Lines | Atlanta [ends 18 January 2012], Detroit, Tokyo-Narita | 2 |
| Dragonair | Hong Kong | 2 |
| Emirates | Dubai | 2 |
| Etihad Airways | Abu Dhabi [begins 2 March 2012][14] | 2 |
| EVA Air | Kaohsiung, Taipei-Taoyuan | 2 |
| Finnair | Helsinki | 2 |
| Garuda Indonesia | Denpasar/Bali, Jakarta-Soekarno-Hatta | 2 |
| Grand China Express | Dongying, Weifang | 1 |
| Hainan Airlines | Haikou, Lanzhou, Shenzhen, Xi'an | 1 |
| Hong Kong Airlines | Hong Kong | 2 |
| Hong Kong Express Airways | Hong Kong | 2 |
| Japan Airlines | Nagoya-Centrair, Osaka-Kansai, Tokyo-Narita | 1 |
| Japan Airlines operated by JAL Express | Osaka-Kansai | 1 |
| Jin Air | Jeju | 2 |
| Juneyao Airlines | Baotou, Beihai, Changchun, Dalian, Fuzhou, Guilin, Harbin, Hong Kong, Macau, Manzhouli, Nanchang, Sanya, Shenyang, Shijazhuang, Tongliao, Wenzhou, Xiamen, Yichang, Zhuhai Seasonal: Hailar |
1 |
| KLM | Amsterdam | 1 |
| Korean Air | Busan, Seoul-Incheon | 1 |
| Lufthansa | Frankfurt, Munich | 2 |
| Mahan Air | Tehran-Imam Khomeini | 2 |
| Malaysia Airlines | Kuala Lumpur | 2 |
| Mega Maldives | Malé | 2 |
| Philippine Airlines | Manila | 2 |
| Qantas | Sydney | 2 |
| Qatar Airways | Doha | 2 |
| Royal Brunei Airlines | Bandar Seri Begawan | 1 |
| Scandinavian Airlines | Copenhagen [resumes 2 March 2012][15][16] | 2 |
| Shandong Airlines | Qingdao | 2 |
| Shanghai Airlines | Anqing, Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi, Busan, Changchun, Changsha, Chengdu, Chongqing, Da Nang, Dalian, Denpasar/Bali, Haikou, Harbin, Hong Kong, Jiayuguan, Jinzhou, Macau, Male, Mudanjiang, Osaka-Kansai, Phnom Penh, Phuket, Qinhuangdao, Qingdao, Sanya, Seoul-Incheon, Shenyang, Taipei-Songshan, Tangshan, Toyama, Wanzhou, Weihai, Wuhan, Xi'an, Xiangyang, Yantai, Zhangjiajie | 2 |
| Shenzhen Airlines | Jinjiang/Quanzhou, Nanchang | 1 |
| Sichuan Airlines | Chengdu, Chongqing Charter: Saipan |
1 |
| Singapore Airlines | Singapore | 2 |
| Spring Airlines | Changchun, Chongqing, Dalian, Harbin, Hong Kong, Ibaraki, Macau, Nanning, Saga [begins 18 January 2012][17], Shenyang, Takamatsu, Xi'an, Xiamen, Zhangjiajie Seasonal: Guilin, Haikou, Sanya |
1 |
| SriLankan Airlines | Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi [ends 2 June][18], Colombo | 1 |
| Swiss International Air Lines | Zürich | 2 |
| Thai Airways International | Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi | 2 |
| Transasia Airways | Taichung, Taipei-Songshan, Taipei-Taoyuan | 2 |
| Turkish Airlines | Istanbul-Atatürk | 2 |
| United Airlines | Chicago-O'Hare, Los Angeles, Newark, San Francisco | 2 |
| Vietnam Airlines | Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City | 2 |
| Virgin Atlantic Airways | London-Heathrow | 2 |
| Xiamen Airlines | Fuzhou, Quanzhou/Jinjiang, Wuyishan, Xiamen | 1 |
| Zest Airways | Cebu, Kalibo | 1 |
| Airlines | Destinations |
|---|---|
| Aeroflot-Cargo | Novosibirsk |
| Air Cargo Germany | Hahn |
| Air China Cargo | Beijing-Capital, Copenhagen, Los Angeles, Milan-Malpensa, Manchester, Paris-Charles de Gaulle, Portland (OR), Vienna |
| Air France | Paris-Charles de Gaulle |
| Air Hong Kong | Hong Kong |
| AirBridgeCargo Airlines | Krasnoyarsk |
| ANA & JP Express | |
| Atlas Air | Chicago-O'Hare, Frankfurt, Honolulu, Melbourne, New York-JFK, Sydney |
| Cargolux | Luxembourg |
| Cargo Garuda Indonesia | Jakarta-Soekarno-Hatta |
| Cathay Pacific Cargo | Hong Kong |
| China Airlines Cargo | Taipei-Taoyuan |
| China Cargo Airlines | Amsterdam, Anchorage, Atlanta, Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi, Beijing-Capital, Chicago-O'Hare, Chongqing, Copenhagen, Dallas/Fort Worth, Dhaka, Hong Kong, Los Angeles, Luxembourg, Milan-Malpensa, Osaka-Kansai, Paris-Charles de Gaulle, Seoul-Incheon, Shenzhen, Singapore, St.Louis [19], Taipei-Taoyuan, Tianjin, Tokyo-Narita, Xiamen[20] |
| China Southern Cargo | Amsterdam, Chicago-O'Hare, Frankfurt, Los Angeles, Vancouver,[21] Vienna |
| Emirates SkyCargo | Almaty, Dubai |
| Etihad Crystal Cargo | Abu Dhabi, Chennai |
| EVA Air Cargo | Taipei-Taoyuan |
| FedEx Express | Anchorage, Beijing-Capital, Guangzhou, Memphis |
| Finnair Cargo operated by World Airways | Helsinki |
| Great Wall Airlines | Amsterdam, Manchester |
| Lufthansa Cargo | Frankfurt |
| Martinair Cargo / KLM Cargo | Amsterdam, Moscow-Sheremetyevo |
| MASkargo | Amsterdam, Basel/Mulhouse, Kuala Lumpur, Penang, Tashkent |
| MNG Airlines | Istanbul-Ataturk |
| Nippon Cargo Airlines | Osaka-Kansai, Tokyo-Narita |
| Polar Air Cargo | Osaka-Kansai |
| SAS Cargo Group | Beijing-Capital, Copenhagen |
| Saudi Arabian Airlines Cargo | Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi, Jeddah, Riyadh |
| Shanghai Airlines Cargo | |
| Singapore Airlines Cargo | Los Angeles, Singapore |
| Silk Way Airlines | Baku |
| Turkish Airlines Cargo | Istanbul-Atatürk |
| TNT Airways | Liège, Singapore |
| UPS Airlines | Almaty, Anchorage, Chengdu, Cologne/Bonn, Osaka-Kansai, Seoul-Incheon, Shenzhen, Tokyo-Narita, Warsaw |
| Volga-Dnepr | Abakan |
| Yanda Airlines | Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi |
| Yangtze River Express | Anchorage, Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi, Chicago-O'Hare |
Starting service on 29 January, 2004 as the first commercial high-speed maglev railway in the world, Shanghai Maglev Train links Pudong International Airport with Longyang Road Metro station (Chinese: 龙阳路), where transfer to Line 2 or Line 7 is possible. The 30-km ride from Longyang Road Metro station to Pudong International Airport typically takes less than eight minutes, with the maximum speed reaching 431 km/h. Trains operate every 15 minutes; therefore passengers can expect to arrive in less than 25 minutes, waiting time included.
A standard single-ride ticket costs 50 RMB[22]. Discounted prices are available for Shanghai Public Transportation Card holders (￥40 single), and for round trips within 7 days (￥80 round-trip). First-class tickets cost 100 RMB (single) or 180 RMB (round-trip within 7 days). All cars are equipped with racks and space designated for luggage.
Shanghai Metro Line 2 also provides service between Pudong International Airport and Longyang Road, Lujiazui, People's Square, and Hongqiao International Airport, Shanghai's primary domestic airport. Line 2 is part of the Shanghai Metro system; therefore unlike the Maglev, free in-system transfer to other lines are possible, with ticket prices varying from 3 RMB to 10 RMB.
Prices are substantially lower than the Maglev (￥6 from Pudong International Airport to Longyang Road and Lujiazui, ￥7 to People's Square, ￥8 to Hongqiao International Airport). However, trips take longer due to lower speed of trains. A casual ride to People's Square, the city centre, typically takes just over one hour. It is wise to allow more than five hours for a safe flight transfer at Hongqiao International Airport using public tranportation.
It should further be noted that Line 2 operates in two sections: trains from Pudong International Airport terminate at Guanglan Road, where passengers wishing to travel on change trains across the platform. In addition, not all trains go to Hongqiao International Airport.
Eight Airport Bus lines serve Pudong International Airport, providing rapid links to various destinations. Buses are labelled "机场X线" (Airport Bus Line X) and typically operate on a 15-to-30 minute basis. Fares range from 2 to 22 depending on distance travelled.
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||